![]() 3 When the offender voluntarily amputates his finger to avoid heavier punishment, the amputated finger is called shuniyubi, which means “dead finger”, and when a yakuza member undergoes yubitsume to resolve a conflict, the amputated finger is called ikiyubi, which means “living finger”, and is a symbol of sincere loyalty. ![]() The boss may decide that yubitsume is not satisfactory for atonement, and the member may have to commit seppuku, which is suicide by self-disembowelment, 7 or be expelled from the yakuza. ![]() Aceti et al 6 contend that yubitsume normally is not imposed as punishment but instead results from the offender’s own decision to demonstrate his repentance in the hope of avoiding more serious punishment, or is performed to solve a problem or conflict for which the sacrificing party is not responsible.
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